Zn-based Batteries have gained significant attention as a promising low-temperature rechargeable battery technology due to their high energy density and excellent safety characteristics. In the present review, we aim to present a comprehensive and timely analysis of low-temperature Zn-based batteries.
Research efforts have led to the development of various battery types suited for low-temperature applications, including lithium-ion , sodium-ion , lithium metal , lithium-sulfur (Li-S) , , , , and Zn-based batteries (ZBBs) [18, 19].
The developed low-temperature ZBBs can simply divided into three kinds, including low-temperature Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs), low-temperature Zn-metal batteries (ZMBs), and low-temperature Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Typically, low-temperature ZBBs use bare Zn metal as anodes, some modified anodes and anode-free were reported.
The prerequisite to support low-temperature operation of batteries is maintaining high ionic conductivity. In contrast to the freezing of OLEs at subzero temperatures, SEs preserve solid state over a wide temperature range without the complete loss of ion-conducting function, which ought to be one of potential advantages.
In the field of battery thermal management systems (BTMS), low-temperature heating is a core technology that cannot be ignored and is considered to be a technical challenge closely related to thermal safety.
Because lithium plating on graphite is an issue at low temperatures, redox-active polymers will be explored as potential low-temperature battery electrodes in future work. This work contributes significantly to the development of SBEs at low-temperature applications and has immediate relevance to the electrification of transportation.