A capacitor is included in the rectifier circuit to act as a filter to reduce ripple voltage. The important property of the capacitor is that it passes the AC signal but blocks the DC signal and hence capacitor is used in the rectifier circuit. For the DC signal, ω = 0, so that X C is infinite (theoretically). For the AC signal, let assume ω = ω 1.
Generally, a load resistor is present in both the half and full-wave circuits in order to remove the ripples from the output DC this filter is placed along with the load. This is the main intention of introducing capacitor filters in the rectifiers.
As the process described for half-wave rectifier above it will remain the same but the only difference here is to the same circuit of half-wave rectifier a capacitor is connected that will carry the functionality of the filtering of output generated. The excited DC is obtained from the general half-wave circuit. This is time-varying DC.
Whenever the voltage of the rectifier enhances then the capacitor will be charged as well as supplies the current to the load. At the last part of the quarter phase, the capacitor will be charged to the highest rectifier voltage value that is denoted with Vm, and then the voltage of the rectifier starts to reduce.
As we use voltage regulators these capacitor filters are kept after it so that the output that is generated gets smoothened. Hence it is proved n to be more advantageous to the half and full-wave rectifier circuit. What is Capacitor Filter?
Once the rectifier reaches the positive half cycle, then the diode acquires forward biased & allows the flow of current to make the capacitor charge again. The capacitor filter through a huge discharge will generate an extremely smooth DC voltage. Therefore, a smooth DC voltage can be attained with this filter.