Moreover, the energy storage components are not limited to SC and LIB, and other exciting types of energy storage devices, such as sodium-ion batteries, zinc–air batteries, etc., are heavily researched in the integrated solar cell systems . 3.2. LIB and NG integrated devices
However, the intermittent nature of solar energy results in a high dependence on weather conditions of solar cells. Integrated solar cell-energy storage systems that integrate solar cells and energy storage devices may solve this problem by storing the generated electricity and managing the energy output.
A solar-cell-integrated energy storage system (capacitors/batteries) is also known as a hybrid solar energy conversion/harvesting storage system , photo-rechargeable energy storage system [105, 106] and a solar battery .
The latter is too often overlooked when it comes to integrated devices. Typically, in fact, solar cells rely on transparent but rigid solutions, while energy storage devices on flexible opaque housing (such as pouches).
This integrated system (solar cell&SC&PD) based on the solar cell charged fiber SCs as power source can provide steady and adequate energy for the PD. The development of the integrated system (based on solar cells, SC and PD) faces immense challenges ahead for high specific capacitance, superior flexibility and excellent conductivity. Fig. 8.
Two main issues are (1) PV systems’ efficiency drops by 10%–25% due to heating, requiring more land area, and (2) current storage technologies, like batteries, rely on unsustainably sourced materials. This paper proposes a hybrid device combining a molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage system with PV cell.