Data exhibit that Tehran city has good sunlight potential and can efficiently generate electricity using solar panels. The wind is another type of renewable energy resource, which can generate power via wind turbines that can extract electrical power from the kinetic energy of wind flow.
Hence, regarding the substantial renewable potential in Tehran city, by installing HRES (e.g., PV, WT, and BG), it is possible to access optimal design of urban settlements, efficient use of electrical energy, municipal solid waste management, economic efficiency, and GHG emission reduction .
Based on Fig. 2 b, the average electricity demand of Tehran city is 48,517 MWh/day. Besides, the average peak load (i.e., that occurs in July) and the load factor (i.e., the ratio of average demand to the peak load) are 4,991 MW and 0.4, respectively. 2.1.2. Energy potentials of Tehran
According to several reports, electricity demand in Iran is 50,000 MW, that is approximately 80 % of what is supplied by the fossil resource consumption. It has been expected that this amount will reach 200,000 MW in 2030 . Consequently, fossil energy resources will not be able to cover the growing demand .
Tehran is one of the most populous and polluted cities in Iran with a fossil fuel-dependent economy. This paper aims to assess a techno-economic and environmental feasibility of biomass-based power plant in off-grid mode to present optimal planning for reliable electrification to Tehran.
Energy production in Iran is dominated by its low priced fossil fuel resources such as crude oil and natural gas that can exhibit economic and environmental issues .