The experimental conditions are detailed as follows: the ambient temperature of 45 °C; the coolant flow rate of 18 L/min; and the coolant inlet temperature of 20 °C. The experimental steps are described as follows: Fig. 6. Physical objects of the experimental system. Fig. 7. Distribution of temperature measurement points of the battery pack.
A Battery Thermal Management System, or BTMS, helps to maintain a battery pack at its optimal temperature range of 20 o to 45 o C regardless of ambient temperature. For each vehicle design, the required performance and cycle life of the battery pack will be considered to determine the specific set point for the battery pack temperature.
(1) A battery pack model and a thermal management system model are developed to precisely depict the electrical, thermal, aging and temperature inconsistency during fast charging-cooling. (2) A strategy for the joint control of fast charging and cooling is presented for automotive battery packs to regulate the C-rate and battery temperature.
Regarding future developments and perspectives of research, a novel concept of thermal management of battery packs is presented by static devices such as Thermoelectric Modules (TEMs). TEMs are lightweight, noiseless, and compact active thermal components able to convert electricity into thermal energy through the Peltier effect.
M. Larrañaga et al. have shown that even though the indirect liquid cooling systems are less complex regarding the plant accessories and management, the battery pack thermal management does not achieve the same results.
For this reason, Thermal Management Systems (TMSs) of battery packs of EVs are necessary to guarantee correct functioning in all environments and operating conditions.