Nail penetration is one of the most important methods to study the internal short circuit safety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). A series of penetration tests on LIBs under different conditions are conducted. The effects of the states of charge (SOC), penetration positions, depths and speeds are analyzed.
Nail tests are performed on Li-ion batteries with different nails to obtain the contact resistance–contact area curve. The curve can significantly facilitate the process of calculating an accurate localized joule heat with knowing the battery thickness and nail diameter.
A coupling model is developed to simulate Li-ion battery nail penetrations. A contact resistance – contact area curve is plotted based on experiments. Simulation results show good agreements with nail tests. The behaviors of Li-ion batteries in different penetration scenarios are studied.
Battery companies, automotive companies and other battery users carry out nail penetration tests to assess safety of Li-ion cells, presumably to simulate internal shorts. The nail penetration test involves driving a metallic nail through a charged Li-ion cell at a prescribed speed.
Fire behavior of the lithium ion battery induced by penetration is presented. Influences of penetration position and depth on thermal response are analyzed. Inner structure of internal short circuit within the jelly-roll is exhibited. Failure mechanism of the lithium ion battery during nail penetration is proposed.
Within this research paper, nail penetration test with a reliable test methodology [11, 12] on custom-made battery cells with different capacity show an influence of the capacity on parameters such as the short-circuit voltage, the resulting temperatures and also gaseous reaction products.
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