This mini-review discusses the recent trends in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Elemental doping and coatings have modified many of the commonly used electrode materials, which are used either as anode or cathode materials. This has led to the high diffusivity of Li ions, ionic mobility and conductivity apart from specific capacity.
Positive electrodes for Li-ion and lithium batteries (also termed “cathodes”) have been under intense scrutiny since the advent of the Li-ion cell in 1991. This is especially true in the past decade.
They are also grateful to all of the anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments and suggestions that resulted in the improved quality of this paper. Electrode material aging leads to a decrease in capacity and/or a rise in resistance of the whole cell and thus can dramatically affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium metal oxide in the positive electrode could be the most dangerous component, and it exotherms more than 500 J/g above 200 °C. The carbon negative electrode produces an exothermic reaction at about 100 °C–140 °C.
Damage to the electrodes. The lead at the negative electrode is soft and easily damaged, particularly in applications in which the battery may experience continuous or vigorous movement. Stratification of the electrolyte. Sulfuric acid is a heavy, viscous liquid.
The higher the isotropy of the negative electrode material, the greater the permeability and compatibility of the electrolyte, the shorter the path of lithium ion extraction and insertion, which benefited the enhancement of structural stability and obtained the safer battery.