Many Electric Vehicles use Lithium-Ion batteries (Li-Ions or LIBs) as a power source for the electric motor and other electrical components utilised in modern vehicles. Compared to other, conventional battery types, Lithium batteries provide higher energy densities and extended lifetimes.
The applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widespread including electric vehicles (EVs) and hybridelectric vehicles (HEVs) because of their lucrative characteristics such as high energy density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, high power density, low self-discharge, and the absence of memory effect [, , ].
Compared to other, conventional battery types, Lithium batteries provide higher energy densities and extended lifetimes. If the Electric Vehicles are operated according to manufacturer’s specifications, operation is safe. However, the hazards increase if normal operating conditions are deviated from such as:
Though rare, battery fires are also a legitimate concern. “Today's lithium-ion batteries are vastly more safe than those a generation ago,” says Chiang, with fewer than one in a million battery cells and less than 0.1% of battery packs failing. “Still, when there is a safety event, the results can be dramatic.”
Lithium-ion batteries have higher voltage than other types of batteries, meaning they can store more energy and discharge more power for high-energy uses like driving a car at high speeds or providing emergency backup power. Charging and recharging a battery wears it out, but lithium-ion batteries are also long-lasting.
Concerning batteries, there are two types of battery systems that are adequate for PHEVs operation: NiCd batteries and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. NiCd batteries provide lower energy and power densities relative to Li-ion batteries and this leads to an inferior travelling range and a lower maximum vehicle speed.