Photovoltaic solar radiation conversion is the process of converting solar radiation energy into the electrical energy . The photovoltaic conversion of solar radiation takes place in solar cells made of semiconductor materials, which are of simple construction, have no mobile parts, are environmentally friendly, and have a long-life shelf.
Solar or photovoltaics (PV) provide the convenience for battery charging, owing to the high available power density of 100 mW cm −2 in sunlight outdoors. Sustainable, clean energy has driven the development of advanced technologies such as battery-based electric vehicles, renewables, and smart grids.
Solar energy conversion describes technologies devoted to the transformation of solar energy to other (useful) forms of energy, including electricity, fuel, and heat.
Conversion of efficiencies is given in gray. The charging state of the solar battery can be described by the amount of charges C [C g –1] stored on the device, the energy E [Ws g –1] of the accumulated charges, and a cell voltage U [V] that develops from the energy difference between the potential of the anode and cathode.
The primary device for photo-electrical conversion is a solar cell. A solar cell is a semiconductor device that directly converts solar energy into electricity through the PV effect.
The charging state of the solar battery is defined by charge C, energy E, and voltage U. (b) Efficiency of photocharging η pc, electric charging (round-trip efficiency) η rt, and overall efficiency of photo- and electric charging (solar-to-output efficiency) η so.