Capacitors exhibit exceptional power density, a vast operational temperature range, remarkable reliability, lightweight construction, and high efficiency, making them extensively utilized in the realm of energy storage. There exist two primary categories of energy storage capacitors: dielectric capacitors and supercapacitors.
This comprehensive review has explored the current state and future directions of supercapacitor technology in energy storage applications. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising solutions to current and future energy challenges due to their high-power density, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, and long cycle life.
Capacitors possess higher charging/discharging rates and faster response times compared with other energy storage technologies, effectively addressing issues related to discontinuous and uncontrollable renewable energy sources like wind and solar .
Nature 629, 803–809 (2024) Cite this article Dielectric electrostatic capacitors 1, because of their ultrafast charge–discharge, are desirable for high-power energy storage applications.
These capacitors exhibit extremely low ESR and equivalent series inductance, coupled with high current-handling capabilities and outstanding high-temperature stability. As a result, they show immense potential for applications in electric vehicles, 5G base stations, clean energy generation, smart grids, and other fields.
Nevertheless, their energy density is lower due to the constraints associated with electrode surface charge storage. When compared to traditional capacitors, they possess a lower power density but a higher energy density .