A national electricity market is attractive for proxy storage PPAs, if threshold prices are high and if the country offers a regulatory situation that fosters energy storage. We use the installed and announced energy storage capacities as a proxy for the markets attractiveness toward energy storage.
The final text of the Energy Storage and Grids Pledge for COP29 recognises the essential role both play in the power sector’s decarbonisation, including facilitating the increased integration of renewable energy and providing stable and secure supply of electricity.
For high-price scenarios, storage PPAs can generate 180 MEUR/year in 2030 in Europe We propose a contractual setup, the proxy storage power purchase agreement (PPA), to foster the deployment of energy storage technologies. We define a threshold price below which the PPA becomes financially attractive for PPA buyers.
Energy contracts are similar to proxy storage PPAs because they are only based on day-ahead market revenues and the seller is responsible for the operation of the storage asset. However, the revenues of energy contracts are based on the actual operation of the asset and perfect foresight does not apply.
Therefore, energy contracts lead to lower net revenues for the buyer for the same proxy storage PPA price. With a tolling agreement, the seller gets a fixed revenue, does not bear any market risk, and is not responsible for the operation of the asset. The buyer profits from all revenue streams and is responsible for operation.
We propose a contractual setup, the proxy storage power purchase agreement (PPA), to foster the deployment of energy storage technologies. We define a threshold price below which the PPA becomes financially attractive for PPA buyers. We compute the threshold price for several storage technologies and configurations, in seven European countries.