For batteries in consumer electronics, the weight or size is often the most important consideration. This section provides an overview of the critical battery characteristics or specifications, including battery voltage, capacity, charging/discharging regimes, efficiency, etc.
Also, there are important features that protect the power supply and its load from damage, such as output overcurrent, overtemperature, inrush current, and output overvoltage. Then, there are power supply operating parameters such as drift, dynamic response, line regulation, and load regulation that can impact system operation.
The term "capacity," which is used to refer to a battery's ability to hold and distribute electrical charge, is indicated by the letter "C". It is a key variable that determines how much power a battery can deliver. The ampere-hour (Ah), which measures how much electric current a battery can produce for an hour, is the common unit of capacity.
Batteries save lives when portable medical equipment is required, and provide plentiful everyday uses in applications such as headphones and portable power tools. Rechargeable batteries can rely on power banks to be charged when there is no immediate power source.
Voltage: The battery voltage is the voltage difference between the anode and cathode. Different battery chemistries have different rated voltages; for example, Li-ion cells have a rated voltage of 3.7V, while alkaline cells have a rated voltage of about 1.5V. Higher voltages result in higher capacity and output power.
Efficiency is the most important power supply characteristic affecting an electronic system's operation, but other factors, such as output overcurrent, overtemperature, inrush current, output overvoltage, drift, dynamic response, line regulation, and load regulation, are also important.