Distributed Resources (DR), including both Distributed Generation (DG) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), are integral components in the ongoing evolution of modern power systems.
The findings presented in this study underscore the critical synergies between Distributed Resources (DR), specifically Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), in enhancing the sustainability, reliability, and flexibility of modern power systems.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative Energy storage is capable of providing a variety of services and solving a multitude of issues in today’s rapidly evolving electric power grid. This
Furthermore, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) devices are treated as negative or positive PQ loads: BESS charging power (positive values) is considered as load, while discharging power (negative values) is regarded as generation. All decision variables are intrinsically linked to the objective functions.
Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are flexible and scalable, and can respond instantaneously to unpredictable variations in demand and generation. They can provide a variety of services for bulk energy, ancillary, transmission, distribution, and customer energy management [1, 2].
For instance, in Case 1, the substation integrates a negligible share of 0.0453 MW to compensate for the load demand, which is the lowest integration compared to Case 2 and Case 3, where the substation integrates 2.791 MW and 1.517 MW, respectively, to support the load and charge the battery energy storage system (BESS).