A Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic system that manages and monitors the charging and discharging of rechargeable batteries. A given BMS has many different objectives such as: I/V (current/voltage) monitoring, cell balancing, temperature monitoring, over-current protection and short circuit protection, etc.
The battery management system tracks the status of each cell in the battery pack. Determining the SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health) helps estimate the amount of current needed for a safe charge and discharge operation without harming the battery. The current limits act as a cut-off and prevent the battery from overcharging.
Battery management systems (BMS) have evolved with the widespread adoption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). This paper takes an in-depth look into the trends affecting BMS development, as well as how the major subsystems work together to improve safety and eficiency.
Mainly, there are 6 components of battery management system. 1. Battery cell monitor 2. Cutoff FETs 3. Monitoring of Temperature 4. Cell voltage balance 5. BMS Algorithms 6. Real-Time Clock (RTC) Let’s look at the significance and the application of each components of battery management system: 1. Battery cell monitor
For this purpose, a microcontroller for battery management system is needed to collect, organize and assess the information from the sensing circuitry. Renesas’ ISL94203 is the most famous example of employing a battery management system algorithm. It is a standalone digital solution embedded in a single chip with programmable capabilities.
The current limits act as a cut-off and prevent the battery from overcharging. This safeguards the cell voltages of the battery pack from high or low fluctuations, which immunes the battery life. The BMS consistently tracks the charge and discharge activities for the battery pack and monitors cell voltages.