A precise prediction of voltage allows testing battery cells under different conditions just by simulation and therefore reduces experimental efforts and time. Moreover simulations allow an optimization of the battery and in the next step of drive trains for upcoming hybrid and electrical vehicles.
This study proposes a hybrid thermal management system (TMS) for simulative power batteries using paraffin as a phase change material (PCM) and flat heat pipes. A two-dimensional numerical model is constructed to investigate the thermal behavior of the TMS.
Moreover simulations allow an optimization of the battery and in the next step of drive trains for upcoming hybrid and electrical vehicles. In a previous work impedance spectra were recorded for a high-power 6.5 Ah lithium-ion cell in a temperature range from −30 °C to 50 °C for the entire state of charge (SOC) range.
In order to predict the performance of a battery cell depending on operation conditions and load, simulations based on an equivalent circuit (EC) model are widely used , . In this work two EC models with different complexities are presented and compared in terms of simulation performance and effort.
Parameters of the battery pack Since batteries with high specific energy and high specific power are required for flying cars, the batteries for simulation are based on Lithium-Ion battery technology, with projections to advanced batteries with very high specific energy and specific power at both the cell and pack level [ 21 ].
The variables include velocities, acceleration rates, flying heights and flight distances, whose values are obtained through simulation iterations. They are mainly determined by the limitation of either the battery’s specific power or the specific energy according to Eq. (12) (14) (16).