Before we delve into the nitty-gritty of solar supercapacitors, it's important to understand the basic concepts. A solar supercapacitor, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) supercapacitor, is a device that combines the energy generation capabilities of solar cells with the superior energy storage and fast charging characteristics of supercapacitors.
The integration of capacitors into solar power systems stands as a potent strategy for enhancing their efficiency and operational longevity. Capacitors, essentially energy storage components, function by storing and swiftly releasing electrical energy.
Although the voltages of both the solar cell and supercapacitors are comparable, the system efficiency can be improved by incorporating power electronics components in order to control the charging and discharging process of the integrated device.
Meanwhile, a three-electrode structure contains an extra electrode to separate the DSSC and supercapacitor. This electrode is called a counter electrode, which functions as a barrier between the solar cell and the supercapacitor. In addition, it also serves as a redox electron transfer surface and as charge storage .
The switched capacitor configuration demonstrates faster settling times, lower output oscillations, and significantly higher current capability, making it a more promising option for maximizing power output and achieving efficient MPPT in PV solar systems. Moreover, GA effectively mitigated the negative effects of P&O, INC, and metaheuristic PSO.
The design demonstrated that the polycrystalline silicon solar cell was capable of charging the supercapacitor under an external load and that a constant current load could be maintained through periods of intermittent illumination, indicating the feasibility of the integration concept.