For lithium-ion batteries, the self-discharge rate is generally low compared to other battery chemistries, such as nickel-cadmium or lead-acid batteries. However, even a small self-discharge can have implications for applications requiring reliable power sources. Factors Influencing Self-Discharge Rates
Lithium 10 years or more Typical self discharge rates for common rechargeable cells are as follows: 1. Lead Acid 4% to 6% per month 2. Nickel Cadmium 10% per month 3. Nickel Metal Hydride 30% per month 4. Lithium 5% to 10% per month 5.
Factors Influencing Self-Discharge Rates Several factors influence the self-discharge rates in lithium-ion batteries: Temperature: Higher temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions inside the battery, increasing the self-discharge rate. Conversely, lower temperatures can slow down these reactions, reducing self-discharge.
Varying self-discharge rates between cells in a battery pack can result in voltage imbalances between the cells and a shorter battery pack life (Zheng et al., 2020). Self-discharge rates vary depending on the cell chemistry, capacity, electrode geometry, electrolyte formulation, impurities, and temperature.
Supercapacitors have a high self-discharge of up to 50% per month. Whereas Lithium-ion batteries have a self-discharge of up to 5% per month. But these values can change depending on the grade of cells. What is the significance of self-discharge?
The self-discharge rate can also vary depending on the battery’s state of charge. Batteries stored at a higher state of charge typically experience higher self-discharge rates. It’s often recommended to store lithium-ion batteries at a moderate charge level to minimize self-discharge while ensuring they are ready for use when needed.