Solar companies cut costs and prices sharply to maintain market share. That led to a few low-cost survivors while many other competitors were driven out of business in China and around the world. The deserted blue-walled factory of Hunan Sunzone, left, which once made solar panels in Changsha, China.
Keith Bradsher, who has covered China’s solar industry since 2009, reported from Changsha, China. Over the past 15 years, China has come to dominate the global market for solar energy. Nearly every solar panel on the planet is made by a Chinese company. Even the equipment to manufacture solar panels is made almost entirely in China.
The global industry is cutting some ties to China, but its exposure to forced labor remains high and companies are less transparent, a new report found. A JA Solar factory in Hefei, China.
But a new report by experts in human rights and the solar industry found that the vast majority of solar panels made globally continue to have significant exposure to China and Xinjiang. The report, released Tuesday, also faulted the solar industry for becoming less transparent about the origin of its products.
In the span of 25 years, China was able to install 393 GW of solar PV alone. That is about 37 % of the global installed capacity. Dominating the solar industry encouraged China to set some trade quotas and restrictions that put the supply chain of solar PVs, and thin film PVs in particular, at great risk.
As can be seen, China leads the production of the essence of solar PVs, the wafers, as around 98 % of wafers are produced in China. Although not threatening, China's main competitors are Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand (IRENA, 2022a). China is also responsible for producing more than 75 % of the cells, and the final PVs.