Recently, one article reported 3D-printed complete lithium-ion batteries which employed poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, and LiClO 4 to achieve an ionic conductivity of 0.085 mS cm −1 in the electrolyte .
The successful design of lithium metal batteries via 3D printing will require the combination of key features such as high-precision printing with nano-scale control, printing material stability at high temperatures, and mastery of the printing process and post-processing.
The most important part of 3D printing applied in batteries is the printing of electrodes, electrolytes, and packages. These will affect the battery energy/power density.
Several non-academic teams have implemented such 3D structures in their battery prototypes and products 135. Addionics, a UK-USA-Israel-based company that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, has developed its technology in this 3D architectural design.
Therefore, the most established types of 3D printers for Li batteries usages are SLA, FDM, and DIW. This review focus on the available 3D printing technologies which is suitable for the battery design, including conventional Li batteries and solid-state Li batteries.
After that point, various 3D printing methods were gradually applied in the field of batteries, such as Fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), direct ink writing (DIW), inkjet printing (IJP), and other printing techniques. Recently in literature, it was reported that Li-ion micro-batteries can be designed by 3D printing.