The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system is highly affected by different types of power losses which are incurred by electrical equipment or altering weather conditions. In this context, an accurate analysis of power losses for a PV system is of significant importance.
PV system losses have a significant impact on the overall efficiency and output power of a PV power plant. An average annual energy estimate over the useful life of a PV power plant, which is between 25 and 30 years, is required to calculate the plant revenue.
Performance metrics such as performance ratio and efficiency have been widely used in the literature to present the effects of the total power losses in PV systems.
IEEE J Photovoltaics 2020:1–6. The soiling loss is esti-mated based on the PM concentrations and the deposition velocities. Of the different approaches used to estimate the dep-osition velocity, setting its value equal to the value of a fixed settling velocity returned the best results.
Loss processes in solar cells consist of two parts: intrinsic losses (fundamental losses) and extrinsic losses. Intrinsic losses are unavoidable in single bandgap solar cells, even if in the idealized solar cells .
As for the voltage losses, the components due to Carnot loss, angle mismatch loss and NRR loss are all enlarged for they are proportional to the temperature of the cell, and the component due to series resistance varies with output photocurrent density, for it is proportional to J2MPP-f.