And while there are many different charging protocols, we’ll focus on three primary methods: Conventional, Opportunity and Opportunity Fast Charge. Conventional Charge This is the complete recharge of a battery after it has been fully or partially discharged during normal operation.
It is most common method of charging batteries in electric vehicles. In user point of view, it gives the user the choice of charging the EV at home, at workplace, or at public charging stations. Conductive charging can be AC/DC. In AC charging, the EV can be charged anywhere with standard electrical outlet.
Reliability in case of battery charging method is its ability to limit various parameters under all possible conditions and to give same performance over period of time. The amount of investment is required to adapt a particular charging strategy. Charging of electric vehicle is a process of high importance.
Constant voltage charging is a widely used charging method involving constant voltage between the battery poles. The starter battery uses constant voltage charging when the vehicle is running. If the specified voltage constant value is appropriate, it can ensure that the battery is fully charged, while also minimizing gas and water loss.
Even if there are no restrictions imposed by law, charging points functioning in mode 3 typically permit charging up to 32 A and 250 V in single-phase AC and up to 32 A and 480 V in three-phase AC. Mode 4 (Ultra-fast Charging): The DC charging feature is only available in this charging mode.
By varying internal resistance, battery efficiency of constant current charging can be improved [ 5 ]. Fast charging can be done using cascaded H-bridge charging for CC/CV charging [ 6 ]. Multistage charging methods contain more advantages. Multistage constant current charging can be done [ 7 ].
OverviewCharging algorithmsPrinciples of rapid chargingNon-contact charging methodBattery swap
The different algorithms vary in charging efficiency, charging time, battery life cycles, and costs. However, researchers still cannot define which is the most appropriate one for the application, as many algorithms have been developed; each one has advantages and disadvantages. For instance, the constant current-constant voltage charging method has a longer charging time compared to the multistage current charging algorithm, while the cost of research on the latter i…