It was described the use of used batteries as energy storage devices. This is an innovative approach to extend battery life cycle, reduce waste and provide cost-effective energy storage solutions.
The recycling of spent batteries in the United States is mainly regulated by the market, and the government regulates the recycling of spent batteries through the environmental protection law, which stipulates that battery manufacturers are mainly responsible for the recycling of batteries .
A robust recycling infrastructure could also mitigate the depletion of critical cobalt reserves necessary for battery production; it is estimated that recycling could contribute 10% of Europe's cobalt supply by 2030 .
The recycling of spent LIBs is to separate the useful components of batteries according to their physical and chemical properties to realize the reuse of resources. In Ref. , the recycling methods of spent LIBs were divided into physical and chemical methods.
In these processes, a large amount of energy and chemicals will be consumed, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions and secondary waste, which causes many environmental problems , , . 2.2. Battery recycling value and recycling classification
This is an innovative approach to extend battery life cycle, reduce waste and provide cost-effective energy storage solutions. This practice is particularly important for large-scale energy storage systems, such as those used in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy.