Specifically, phase conversion reactions have provided a rich playground for lithium-ion battery technologies with potential to improve specific/rate capacity and achieve high resistance to lithium metal plating 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
These structural changes can 1) induce stresses and strains within lithium transition metal oxide crystals, 2) affect the electronic conductivities of lithium battery materials, and 3) lead to irreversible phase changes and thus decrease in energy outputs of lithium batteries.
The phenomenon of phase transitions and the resultant phase diagrams in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are often observed in the synthesis of materials, electrochemical reaction processes, temperature changes of batteries, and so on. Understanding those phenomena is crucial to design more desirable materials and facilitate the overall development of LIBs.
In summary, there are several numerical methods that can be used to analyze Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in lithium-ion batteries: 1. Finite Element Analysis (FEA): FEA is a numerical technique used to solve partial differential equations.
In order to improve the phase transition reaction speed of electrode materials, researchers have put forward many solutions, such as decreasing the size of the primary particle [ 3 ] and foreign element doping, [ 4 ] to improve the ionic and electronic conductivity of the electrode materials.
Since lithium is more weakly bonded in the negative than in the positive electrode, lithium ions flow from the negative to the positive electrode, via the electrolyte (most commonly LiPF6 in an organic, carbonate-based solvent20).