Voltage Regulator A voltage regulator in the regulated power supply is essential for keeping a steady DC output voltage by supplying load regulation as well as line regulation. For this reason, we can employ regulators like a Zener, transistorized, otherwise 3-terminal integrated regulators.
The essential components of a 12v regulated power supply include a transformer, rectifier, filter, voltage regulator, and overload protection. The transformer takes in alternating current (AC) from a wall socket and connects to the rectifier, which changes the AC into direct current (DC).
This circuit diagram shows a 12V regulator that can deliver up to 15 A of current. The common voltage regulator IC 7812 (IC1) is used to maintain a steady 12V output, while three TIP 2599 power transistors are wired in parallel in series pass mode to boost the output current.
The block diagram of a regulated power supply mainly includes a step-down transformer, a rectifier, a DC filter, and a regulator. The Construction & working of a regulated power supply is discussed below. Transformer and AC Supply
The DC is then filtered to remove any noise before being sent to the voltage regulator. The regulator ensures that the 12v DC output remains constant, even if the input voltage or load changes. Finally, an overload protection component helps to prevent excessive current entering the circuit.
This variable power supply uses 7805, 7809, 7812, or 7815 voltage regulators, where the last 2 digits represent the maximum output voltage of the IC. The regulators are of the 78XX type. A core should be chosen to work within the specific frequency as stated by the manufacturer. L1 is a powder core and has 32 turns of 0.75mm wire.