Battery balancing is crucial in various applications that use multi-cell battery packs: Electric vehicles (EVs): Battery balancing ensures optimal EV battery packs’ performance, range, and longevity. Renewable energy storage: Large-scale battery systems for solar and wind energy storage benefit from efficient balancing.
Number of cells: The balancing system becomes more complex with the number of cells in the battery pack. Balancing method: Choose active and passive balancing techniques based on the application requirements. Balancing current: Determine the appropriate balancing current to achieve efficient equalization without compromising safety.
This condition is extreme once the battery incorporates a more number of cells in series and frequent charging is conveyed through the battery string. The cell imbalance during charging, discharging is a major issue in battery systems used in EVs. To circumvent the cell imbalance, cell balancing is used.
This study presented a simple battery balancing scheme in which each cell requires only one switch and one inductor winding. Increase the overall reliability and safety of the individual cells. 6.1. Comparison of various cell balancing techniques based on criteria such as cost-effectiveness, scalability, and performance enhancement
Consequently, the authors review the passive and active cell balancing method based on voltage and SoC as a balancing criterion to determine which technique can be used to reduce the inconsistencies among cells in the battery pack to enhance the usable capacity thus driving range of the EVs.
After performing cell balancing, each cell's SoC reaches 60 % (average SoC) which signifies that all cells have reached to same level or balanced. Therefore, SoC balancing is crucial in EV battery pack to increase the usable capacity. Fig. 3. Charge among five cells connected in series before and after SoC balancing.