Capacitors exhibit exceptional power density, a vast operational temperature range, remarkable reliability, lightweight construction, and high efficiency, making them extensively utilized in the realm of energy storage. There exist two primary categories of energy storage capacitors: dielectric capacitors and supercapacitors.
Capacitors possess higher charging/discharging rates and faster response times compared with other energy storage technologies, effectively addressing issues related to discontinuous and uncontrollable renewable energy sources like wind and solar .
Ragone plot for significant energy storage and conversion devices. From the plot in Figure 1, it can be seen that supercapacitor technology can evidently bridge the gap between batteries and capacitors in terms of both power and energy densities.
This comprehensive review has explored the current state and future directions of supercapacitor technology in energy storage applications. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising solutions to current and future energy challenges due to their high-power density, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, and long cycle life.
The energy storage capacitor bank is commonly used in different fields like power electronics, battery enhancements, memory protection, power quality improvement, portable energy sources, high power actuators, ASDs, hybrid electric vehicles, high power actuators, off-peak energy storage, and military and aerospace applications.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has spotlighted batteries and supercapacitors as major future energy storage technologies (Goodenough, 2007). The earliest application of ESs was a backup power supply for electronics.