Increased current ripple in capacitors is considered a criterion for failure. Time to failure can be calculated under variable temperature operating conditions. It is possible to observe methods that include the impact of voltage in addition to using temperature as a stress. Temperature is considered a major constraint, but it is not the only one.
When using Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) as a primary indicator for condition monitoring the error varies with a minimum error of 1.2 % and a maximum error of 10 % in literature. On the other hand, the error range for determining the capacitance of a capacitor is between 0.18 % and 7.2 %.
Voltage Rating: If a capacitor cannot handle the voltage applied to it, it may fail prematurely. This is often due to selecting a capacitor with a voltage rating too close to the operating voltage. Current Capacity: Similarly, capacitors have a maximum current capacity. Exceeding this capacity can lead to overheating and failure.
The normal working range for most capacitors is -30 o C to +125 o C with nominal voltage ratings given for a Working Temperature of no more than +70 o C especially for the plastic capacitor types.
Therefore, the secondary value of voltage error f (positive error) increases with the number of breakdown of capacitor component n. Take a 500kV #2 bus CVT in a substation as an example. There are four sections in the substation, including C11, C12, C13 and C14, each section with 82 capacitor components. C2 has 15 capacitor components.
The rated voltage can range from few volts to 100 V. They have a high ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) but that is still ten times smaller than the ESR of aluminum capacitors . Compared to AEC, high currents can be obtained without creating much heat.