The capacitor is an electrical component used to store electric charge. The capacitor is made of two close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric material. A capacitor has a properly to block d.c current and pass a.c. current. A passive component which has the ability to charge or store energy is called as capacitor.
Capacitors are distinguished by the materials used in their construction, and to some extent by their operating mechanism. “Ceramic” capacitors for example use ceramic materials as a dielectric; “aluminum electrolytic” capacitors are formed using aluminum electrodes and an electrolyte solution, etc.
A capacitor has a properly to block d.c current and pass a.c. current. A passive component which has the ability to charge or store energy is called as capacitor. A capacitor was therefore historically first known as an electric condenser. The effect of a capacitor is called as capacitance.
Standard, bi-polar, and polymer types are included. Figure 5: An illustration of the range of voltage/capacitance ratings for aluminum capacitors available through DigiKey at the time of writing. The primary strength of aluminum capacitors is their ability to provide a large capacitance value in a small package, and do so for a relatively low cost.
Other designs include variable piston capacitors, which operate by varying the degree of overlap between concentric cylinders, and vacuum capacitors that use a screw or other mechanism to vary the mechanical relation between electrode plates in a vacuum which is maintained through the use of a flexible membrane.
Polymer capacitors often have high breakdown voltages, contributing to their robustness. Leakage Current: While leakage currents are usually minimal, they are an inherent characteristic. Polymer capacitors exhibit lower leakage currents compared to other types, enhancing their efficiency.