Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2, LCO) dominates in 3C (computer, communication, and consumer) electronics-based batteries with the merits of extraordinary volumetric and gravimetric energy density, high-voltage plateau, and facile synthesis.
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) – NCA. In 1999, Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide battery, or NCA, appeared in some special applications, and it is similar to the NMC. It offers high specific energy, a long life span, and a reasonably good specific power. NCA’s usable charge storage capacity is about 180 to 200 mAh/g.
Working voltage = 3.0 ~ 3.3 V. Cycle life ranges from 2,700 to more than 10,000 cycles depending on conditions. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) – NCA. In 1999, Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide battery, or NCA, appeared in some special applications, and it is similar to the NMC.
The practical capacity of lithium-oxygen batteries falls short of their ultra-high theoretical value. Unfortunately, the fundamental understanding and enhanced design remain lacking, as the issue is complicated by the coupling processes between Li 2 O 2 nucleation, growth, and multi-species transport.
Among the reported transition metal oxide catalysts, such as Fe 2 O 3, Co 3 O 4, MnO 2, and their composites, Co-based transition metal oxides (Co x O y) have exhibited great potential toward improving the ORR and OER kinetics for Li-O 2 batteries.
Lithium-oxygen battery (LOB), also often called as lithium air battery, is one of the candidates for replacing LIBs in the future H/EVs market. In principle, LOB is simple with its cell components, meanwhile, coupling Li metal with O 2 leads to an electrochemical system with the highest theoretical energy density .