A lithium-ion capacitor (LIC or LiC) is a hybrid type of capacitor classified as a type of supercapacitor. It is called a hybrid because the anode is the same as those used in lithium-ion batteries and the cathode is the same as those used in supercapacitors. Activated carbon is typically used as the cathode.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and electrochemical capacitors (EC) are two important chemical energy storage devices. LIBs have high energy density but lower power density and cycle performance. EC has high power density and long cycle performance, but much lower energy density than the LIBs [ 5, 6, 7, 8 ].
The ionic adsorption of electrical double layer and the faradaic electrochemical process (redox reaction) caused by lithium-ion intercalation and deintercalation contribute to high energy and powder density of lithium-ion capacitors than traditional capacitors [ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ].
Design of Lithium-Ion Capacitors In terms of LIC design, the process of pre-lithiation, the working voltage and the mass ratio of the cathode to the anode allow a difference in energy capacity, power efficiency and cyclic stability. An ideal working capacity can usually be accomplished by intercalating Li + into the interlayer of graphite.
Lithium-ion capacitors offer superior performance in cold environments compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. As demonstrated in recent studies, LiCs can maintain approximately 50% of their capacity at temperatures as low as -10°C under high discharge rates (7.5C).
Long-term cycle performance for the LIC in the voltage range of 2.2~3.8 V at 800 mA/g current density. In the chapter, lithium-ion capacitors have been assembled with prelithiated MWCNTs/graphite composite as anode and activated carbon as cathode. The results showed that LICs with prelithiated exhibit excellent electrochemical performance.