In this review, the recent progress of organic electrode materials is systematically summarized for aqueous non-metallic ion batteries with the focus on the interaction between non-metallic ion charge carriers and organic electrode host materials.
Aqueous non-metallic ion batteries have attracted much attention in recent years owing to their fast kinetics, long cycle life, and low manufacture cost. Organic compounds with flexible structural designability are promising electrode materials for aqueous non-metallic ion batteries.
Aqueous non-metallic ion batteries (ANIBs) undoubtedly represent one of the best candidates for energy storage owing to their high safety, low manufacturing cost, and fast charging capability. In order to promote the development of ANIBs, we provide comprehensive summary and evaluation of the critical achievements.
The performance of cathode materials is a critical factor of the potassium ion battery, which directly affects the battery energy density, cycle life, and safety. Nevertheless, inorganic cathode materials play an important role in the research of potassium ion battery cathode materials.
Simultaneously, the term “lithium-ion” was used to describe the batteries using a carbon-based material as the anode that inserts lithium at a low voltage during the charge of the cell, and Li 1−x CoO 2 as cathode material. Larger capacities and cell voltages than in the first generation were obtained ( Fig. 1 ).
The positive electrode materials of potassium ion batteries mainly include Prussian blue analogs, layered metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, and organic materials. The negative electrode materials are generally carbon-based materials, alloys, and metal oxides. The electrolytes basically follow the electrolyte system of lithium-ion batteries.