Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2) batteries have a lot of energy density and a 3.7V voltage. They can hold 150-200Wh/kg of energy, with some cells reaching 240Wh/kg. But, they don’t last as long, with a cycle life of 500-1000 cycles. They also don’t handle heat well, with a thermal runaway at 150°C.
Nature Energy 3, 936–943 (2018) Cite this article Lithium cobalt oxides (LiCoO 2) possess a high theoretical specific capacity of 274 mAh g –1. However, cycling LiCoO 2 -based batteries to voltages greater than 4.35 V versus Li/Li + causes significant structural instability and severe capacity fade.
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) – NCA. In 1999, Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide battery, or NCA, appeared in some special applications, and it is similar to the NMC. It offers high specific energy, a long life span, and a reasonably good specific power. NCA’s usable charge storage capacity is about 180 to 200 mAh/g.
Lithium cobalt oxides are used as a cathode material in batteries for mobile devices, but their high theoretical capacity has not yet been realized. Here, the authors present a doping method to enhance diffusion of Li ions as well as to stabilize structures during cycling, leading to impressive electrochemical performance.
To maximize the capacity of lithium cobalt oxide, modifying it to stabilize its structure under high voltage and allowing it to charge and discharge at higher voltage platforms (4.5 V or even 4.6 V) without losing capacity has become a major research direction for lithium cobalt oxide. Table 1.
Lithium cobalt oxide is a dark blue or bluish-gray crystalline solid, and is commonly used in the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. 2 has been studied with numerous techniques including x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, neutron powder diffraction, and EXAFS.