Production steps in lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing summarizing electrode manufacturing, cell assembly and cell finishing (formation) based on prismatic cell format. Electrode manufacturing starts with the reception of the materials in a dry room (environment with controlled humidity, temperature, and pressure).
The manufacturing data of lithium-ion batteries comprises the process parameters for each manufacturing step, the detection data collected at various stages of production, and the performance parameters of the battery [25, 26].
The products produced during this time are sorted according to the severity of the error. In summary, the quality of the production of a lithium-ion battery cell is ensured by monitoring numerous parameters along the process chain.
In this regard, novel material design, together with next-generation manufacturing technologies, including solvent-free manufacturing, will help in making the process cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Technology is evolving towards Industry 4.0; therefore, it is inevitable for battery manufacturers to get their share.
However, there are still key obstacles that must be overcome in order to further improve the production technology of LIBs, such as reducing production energy consumption and the cost of raw materials, improving energy density, and increasing the lifespan of batteries .
2.1. State-of-the-Art Manufacturing Conventional processing of a lithium-ion battery cell consists of three steps: (1) electrode manufacturing, (2) cell assembly, and (3) cell finishing (formation) [8, 10].