With continued research and innovation, high-safety lithium batteries could lead to a new generation of safe, high-performance energy storage that meets the most stringent safety requirements, thereby accelerating the transition towards hybrid and pure electric propulsion.
In general, post-lithium-ion batteries mainly include two categories: the first type is other metal-ion batteries and the second type is other lithium-based batteries with superior performance, including LMBs, LSBs and LOBs. None of the above works involves the second type of batteries.
The present review has outlined the historical background relating to lithium, the inception of early Li-ion batteries in the early 20th century and the subsequent commercialisation of Li-ion batteries in the 1990s. The operational principle of a typical rechargeable Li-ion battery and its reaction mechanisms with lithium was discussed.
These materials have both good chemical stability and mechanical stability. 349 In particular, these materials have the potential to prevent dendrite growth, which is a major problem with some traditional liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries.
Particularly in environments with limited escape options, such as aviation and maritime applications, the safety level of current lithium-ion batteries is still inadequate to mitigate risks. Improving battery safety can be approached by identifying and addressing the root causes of thermal runaway.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a pivotal role in today's society, with widespread applications in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grids. Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness.