A review of the recent developments of materials design for supercapacitors is presented. Machine learning and 3D printing appear to be promising for flexible supercapacitors. Novel electrolyte materials include ionic liquids and anhydrous gel electrolytes. The challenges include the safety, the cost, and the durability of electrolyte materials.
To overcome the mentioned challenges, composites comprise of conducting polymers and metal oxides, or carbon, which helps achieve desirable properties for electrode materials in supercapacitor device electrodes.
Second, the performance of supercapacitors is mainly dependent on electroactive material. Some of the latest research predicts the best future active electrode materials can achieve great performance. As a result, MOFs, COFs, MXenes, metal nitrides, BP transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) etc., could be some of the potential candidates.
Understanding the working principles of capacitors is essential to extend the knowledge to supercapacitors applications. Capacitive energy storage involves the utilization of capacitors, which are electronic components comprised of a pair of metallic plates separated by a dielectric or any nonconductive material .
The development of supercapacitor materials is crucial to advance their performance and multifunctionality. Supercapacitors have been shown to possess higher energy densities than conventional capacitors and higher power densities than batteries. Advancements in electrochemical supercapacitor cells are heavily sought after.
Advancements in electrochemical supercapacitor cells are heavily sought after. This review showed that the progress made in supercapacitors’ materials led to the development of novel electrode materials, heat-resistant separators, flexible supercapacitors, and highly conductive electrolytic solutions.