Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4, LFP) has long been a key player in the lithium battery industry for its exceptional stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness as a cathode material.
Two materials currently dominate the choice of cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), which is relatively inexpensive, and nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) or nickel-cobalt-alumina (NCA), which are convincing on the market due to their higher energy density, i.e. their ability to store electrical energy.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries officially surpassed ternary batteries in 2021 with 52% of installed capacity. Analysts estimate that its market share will exceed 60% in 2024.
Considerable attention has been drawn to LFP as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, owing to its advantages over conventional materials such as Co and Ni in terms of toxicity and cost-effectiveness. Despite its current commercial application, there is a pressing need for more economical production methods.
This review investigates various synthesis methods for LiFePO 4 (LFP) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, highlighting its advantages over Co and Ni due to lower toxicity and cost.
The synthesis of lithium iron phosphate can be achieved through solid-phase or liquid-phase methods. Solid phase techniques like high-temperature reactions, carbothermal reduction, and microwave synthesis are favored for their simplicity and suitability for industrial production.
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The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery) or LFP battery (lithium ferrophosphate) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. Because of their low cost, high safety, low toxicity, long cycle life and other factors, LFP batteries are finding a number o…