The ultimate solution to battery safety issues involves the combination of internal fireproof materials and efficient, rational engineering design. Specifically, future battery development should focus on more advanced, safe fireproof materials, intelligent and efficient BTMS, improved battery encapsulation, and modular design.
Internal protection schemes focus on intrinsically safe materials for battery components and are thus considered to be the “ultimate” solution for battery safety. In this Review, we will provide an overview of the origin of LIB safety issues and summarize recent key progress on materials design to intrinsically solve the battery safety problems.
In addition to capacity degradation and aging issues [, , , , ], battery safety issues, influenced by factors such as overheating , overcharging, and over-discharging , as well as internal short circuits (ISC) and external short circuits (ESC) , continue to pose significant risks.
Improvements in six dimensions to enhance battery safety. Material innovation: develop safer and more stable battery materials to decrease the risk of combustion and explosions. Design optimization: enhance the internal structure and external packaging of batteries to improve their resistance to physical damage.
Here, safety issues related to key materials and cell design techniques will be reviewed. Key materials, including cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator, are the fundamental of the battery. Cell design and fabrication techniques also have significant influence on the cell's electrochemical and safety performances.
Specifically, BEST encompasses a complete technological framework that covers various levels from materials and single cells to battery systems. It integrates multidisciplinary knowledge and technologies to provide systemic battery safety solutions.