However, previous research acknowledges that different vibration tests proposed in standards and regulations for lithium-ion battery packs vary substantially in the levels of energy and frequency range (Kjell and Lang, 2014) so there is still a big challenge to emulate a test that represents the real working condition of electric vehicles.
An automotive lithium-ion battery pack is a device comprising electrochemical cells interconnected in series or parallel that provide energy to the electric vehicle. The battery pack embraces different systems of interrelated subsystems necessary to meet technical and life requirements according to the applications (Warner, 2015).
The dynamic and static research is determined by vehicle crash homologation, accreditation requirements, and transport legislation. The safety performance of the EV relies on the safety performance of the battery pack under different environments. Thereby, research on battery pack safety is considered seriously in recent years (Li et al., 2017).
This is the first application of the MTS in the evaluation of battery pack consistency. The MTS has a complete mathematical theory and fast operation speed, and a two-level inconsistency warning is determined using the Chebyshev theorem.
Battery pack vibration evaluation with parametric reduced order models The modules of the battery pack are assembled by bolts or welds to keep the cells packed together and the prestress due to joining can influence the dynamic response of the structure.
Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the diagnosis and evaluation of battery pack consistency. To diagnose faults and provide early warning of the inconsistencies, existing methods can be mainly divided into model-based and data-driven methods .