This review presents a new insight by summarizing the advances in structure and property optimizations of battery electrode materials for high-efficiency energy storage. In-depth understanding, efficient optimization strategies, and advanced techniques on electrode materials are also highlighted.
Modern organic electrode materials will potentially enable the latest battery chemistries for meeting the cost, safety, and specific energy requirements of electric vehicles and grid storage.
Ultimately, the development of electrode materials is a system engineering, depending on not only material properties but also the operating conditions and the compatibility with other battery components, including electrolytes, binders, and conductive additives. The breakthroughs of electrode materials are on the way for next-generation batteries.
Positive electrodes for Li-ion and lithium batteries (also termed “cathodes”) have been under intense scrutiny since the advent of the Li-ion cell in 1991. This is especially true in the past decade.
Some important design principles for electrode materials are considered to be able to efficiently improve the battery performance. Host chemistry strongly depends on the composition and structure of the electrode materials, thus influencing the corresponding chemical reactions.
Summary and Perspectives As the energy densities, operating voltages, safety, and lifetime of Li batteries are mainly determined by electrode materials, much attention has been paid on the research of electrode materials.