The current research on power battery life is mainly based on single batteries. As known, the power batteries employed in EVs are composed of several single batteries. When a cell is utilized in groups, the performance of the battery will change from more consistent to more dispersed with the deepening of the degree of application.
The U.S. Department of Energy, meanwhile, predicts today's EV batteries ought to last a good deal past their warranty period, with these packs' service lives clocking in at between 12 and 15 years if used in moderate climates. Plan on a service life of between eight and 12 years if your EV is regularly used in more extreme conditions.
Chen et al. , in their verification of the factors influencing the life of hybrid batteries, found that after 12,000 cycles, the capacity of batteries with depths of discharge (DODs) of 1 and 0.8 decreased significantly, while the life of batteries with a DOD of 0.5 was more stable (as described in Fig. 12).
Long cycle life is also an important merit to promote the adoption of Li/SPAN battery technology. Among Li metal battery community, it is common to attribute most concerns in terms of cell performance to Li metal anode, considering its supreme reactivity and thus tendency to consume both itself and electrolytes.
Among all power batteries, lithium-ion power batteries are widely used in the field of new energy vehicles due to their unique advantages such as high energy density, no memory effect, small self-discharge, and a long cycle life [, , ]. Lithium-ion battery capacity is considered as an important indicator of the life of a battery.
External and internal influence factors affecting the lifespan of power lithium-ion batteries are described in particular. For external elements, the affect mechanisms of the operating temperature, charge/discharge multiplier, charge/discharge cut-off voltages, the inconsistencies between the cells on the service life are reviewed.