Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are capable of efficiently storing thermal energy due to their high energy density and consistent temperature regulation. However, challenges such as poor shape stability, latent heat loss, and low thermal conductivity limit their widespread use in thermal energy storage systems.
Photo-controlled phase-change thermal storage composite materials can regulate the temperature of buildings, automobiles, and other applications; Electric-thermal conversion or magnetic-thermal conversion phase-change thermal storage composite materials can control the temperature of medical equipment, food preservation, and other applications.
Carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous porous materials revolutionize PCM encapsulation, boosting efficiency. Biochar and activated carbon lead the way as eco-friendly options for composite PCMs. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are capable of efficiently storing thermal energy due to their high energy density and consistent temperature regulation.
However, challenges such as poor shape stability, latent heat loss, and low thermal conductivity limit their widespread use in thermal energy storage systems. The development of composite PCMs, achieved by incorporating PCMs with porous materials, addresses these limitations.
PCMs are the key factors that determine the phase-change thermal storage performance of composite materials, and they should have high phase-change enthalpy and suitable phase-change temperature. The commonly used PCMs include organic waxes, inorganic salt hydrides, metals, etc.
Wu B, et al. Biomass-based shape-stabilized phase change materials from artificially cultured ship-shaped diatom frustules with high enthalpy for thermal energy storage. Composites Part B: Engineering 2021; 205: 108500. 57.