There are several key properties that define the characteristics and performance of a capacitor: Capacitance: Measured in farads, this is the capacitors ability to store an electrical charge. Higher capacitance means more charge can be stored. Voltage Rating: The maximum DC or AC voltage that can be applied without damaging the dielectric.
A capacitor is one of the basic circuit components in electrical and electronic circuits. Capacitors are used to store energy in the form of an electrostatic field. Capacitors are available in several different types and sizes. Each type of capacitor has its unique characteristics and specifications that impact its performance.
U is the electric potential energy (in J) stored in the capacitor’s electric field. This energy stored in the capacitor’s electric field becomes essential for powering various applications, from smartphones to electric cars (EVs). Dielectrics are materials with very high electrical resistivity, making them excellent insulators.
In both digital and analog electronic circuits a capacitor is a fundamental element. It enables the filtering of signals and it provides a fundamental memory element. The capacitor is an element that stores energy in an electric field. The circuit symbol and associated electrical variables for the capacitor is shown on Figure 1. Figure 1.
It is a function of the geometric characteristics of the capacitor - plate separation (d) and plate area (A) - and by the permittivity (ε) of the dielectric material between the plates. Capacitance represents the efficiency of charge storage and it is measured in units of Farads (F).
The capacitance of a capacitor can change value with the circuit frequency (Hz) y with the ambient temperature. Smaller ceramic capacitors can have a nominal value as low as one pico-Farad, ( 1pF ) while larger electrolytic’s can have a nominal capacitance value of up to one Farad, ( 1F ).