These aging phenomena will result in increased battery resistance, battery short circuit, and other consequences . Separator aging is generally not considered in accelerated aging studies. This is because it has little impact on battery capacity in the early stage of battery lifetime.
This is primarily attributed to the linear accumulation of side reactions over time, which serves as the main mechanism of aging. When a battery is overcharged or overdischarged (i.e., SOC, DOD > 100%), new side reactions will be induced. When charging, the SOC of the battery gradually increases along with the voltage.
Reliably predicting battery aging remains a challenging endeavor. Newly developed battery systems are therefore extensively tested by electrically cycling them for months to years. This final validation comes at the end of a streamlined development process in which the longevity of the battery must be ensured at a significantly earlier stage.
The main aging mechanisms of fast charging batteries are lithium plating and loss of active materials. Of course, accelerated aging would be pointless if the battery suffers significant lithium plating and active materials loss .
To conclude, the aging of the battery during the charging process is affected by the cut-off voltage, current and temperature. High cut-off voltage, high current and extreme temperatures (both low and high temperatures) will accelerate the battery aging. 4.2. Aging in Driving
The aging of lithium-ion batteries is a complex process influenced by various factors. The aging manifests primarily as capacity and power fades . Capacity fade refers to the gradual reduction in the battery’s ability to store and deliver energy, resulting in a shorter usage time.