Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are in high demand as they are environmental friendly, sustainable, and renewable sources of energy. The PV solar cells have great potential to dominate the energy sector. Therefore, a continuous development is required to improve their efficiency.
Schematic diagram of a photovoltaic (PV) solar cell and the futuristic next-generation model PV solar cells can be fabricated by using various semiconducting materials, in which cell parameters play a crucial role in the photovoltaic solar cell’s performance.
PV technology development does not follow the well-know “generations” path. PV technology development is so far characterized by an evolutionary process. Wafer-silicon and thin-film technologies merge to yield the next step in PV. Photovoltaic solar energy (PV) is expected to play a key role in the future global sustainable energy system.
Introduction Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is indispensable for realizing a global low-carbon energy system and, eventually, carbon neutrality. Benefiting from the technological developments in the PV industry, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of PV energy has been reduced by 85% over the past decade .
The current efficiencies associated with the technology range from 7 to 16%; however, laboratory tests have achieved up to 20%, which is close to the crystalline silicon–based PV solar cell [54, 63]. One of the advantages of this technology is a low static load characteristic due to the lightweight of cells.
In this regard, governments may employ politically motivated interventions to support the adoption of PV systems and foster markets that favor this technology. Nonetheless, it is important to note that such initiatives may temporarily disrupt the functioning of a natural market. 3. Solar Photovoltaic (PV)