All these wastes contain many high value battery materials, which can be extracted and processed for re-use again and again as economically viable effective raw materials for new battery application in a circular way. Currently, an organized comprehensive review focuses on circular energy materials recovered from waste resources is hardly found.
The recycling of spent LIBs is to separate the useful components of batteries according to their physical and chemical properties to realize the reuse of resources. In Ref. , the recycling methods of spent LIBs were divided into physical and chemical methods.
Second, most of the current recycling products are lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper, and other valuable metals in the battery, and other low-value components are rarely concerned [52, 53]. However, the recycling of anode materials and electrolyte is an unavoidable problem.
At present, the main bodies of power battery recycling are EV manufacturers, battery manufacturers, EV dealers, industry alliances, and battery recycling enterprises. Among them, the EV manufacturers are only responsible for the recycling power batteries used by their own brands. The recycling scale is small, and the recycling amount is uncertain.
Material recycling and resource reuse of spent LIBs is a very important link in the battery recycling industry chain , which can help to recover valuable materials, realize the recycling of valuable resources, reduce the impact of waste treatment on the environment, and reduce the development and consumption of natural resources.
Most recycling studies are focused on silicon recovery as well as rare metal elements. Currently, the most common methods for recycling PV modules are based on physical/mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes as illustrated in Fig. 9. Fig. 9. Different types of solar PV recycling processes , . 3.1.1.