The battery models including the physics-based electrochemical models, the integral and fractional-order equivalent circuit models, and the data-driven models were summarized.
The basic theory and application methods of battery system modeling and state estimation are reviewed systematically. The most commonly used battery models including the physics-based electrochemical models, the integral and fractional-order equivalent circuit models, and the data-driven models are compared and discussed.
This paper presents a systematic review of the most commonly used battery modeling and state estimation approaches for BMSs. The models include the physics-based electrochemical models, the integral and fractional order equivalent circuit models, and data-driven models.
Common battery models encompass the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and the electrochemical model. The ECMs, which use suitable arrangements of analogue electrical circuit elements able to emulate the battery dynamics, are widely used in the battery management systems (BMS).
At the system level, with numerous cells assembled together and held by supporting structures and connections, researchers need to focus on the system-wide deformation patterns and the impact of frames and add-ons on cell integrity. Mechanical modeling of battery systems primarily adopts two methods: detailed or homogenized approaches.
The proposed battery pack model and integrated Battery Management System (BMS) with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based SOC estimator demonstrated effective battery management and safe operation. The simulation results validated the approach’s practicality for real-world driving conditions.