Shriram et al. performed a systematic study of the internal short circuit mechanism inside a lithium-ion battery . They found short circuit between lithiated anode material and aluminum current collector, resulting in maximum heat generation.
Therefore, the severity of the internal short circuit of the lithium-ion battery can be analyzed and diagnosed by the CNN model. Table IV. Performance comparison of battery internal short circuit diagnosis model.
Cai et al. studied the experimental simulation of internal short circuit of lithium-ion battery polymer . They found that the risk of thermal runaway during an internal short circuit increases as the battery’s state of charge (SOC) increases.
External short circuit has a severe influence on lithium battery’s performance. Currently, a huge study has focused on the single battery’s short circuit. However, cells are often interconnected into a module in real applications.
External short circuit (ESC) faults pose severe safety risks to lithium-ion battery applications. The ESC process presents electric thermal coupling characteristics and becomes more complex when the batteries operate in large group, which often lead to serious consequences.
The battery that had undergone an external short circuit reached its critical value of failure at a cycle of about 100 cycles. External short circuit would accelerate the rate of increase in internal resistance of lithium-ion battery. Normally, the internal resistance of the battery doubled at approximately 350 cycles.