Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for EVs is reviewed. Heating and cooling methods to regulate the temperature of LIBs are summarized. Prospect of battery thermal management for LIBs in the future is put forward. Unified thermal management of the EVs with rational use of resources is promising.
Under 5C discharge, the lithium-ion battery pack achieved a maximum temperature of 35.06 °C, reducing volume and surface temperature variations. Ezeiza et al. proposed a modular design for the cooling structure to reduce the impact of the fluid on the overall weight.
An optimal internal-heating strategy for lithium-ion batteries at low temperature considering both heating time and lifetime reduction. Appl. Energy 2019, 256, 113797. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Stuart, T.A.; Hande, A. HEV battery heating using AC currents. J. Power Sources 2004, 129, 368–378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Heat pumps and heat pipes are also used to heat LIBs. Parekh has studied three methods of thermal management for LIBs, including the simple electric heating, the heat pipe heating and the composite solid-state thermoelectric heat pump and heat pipe heating. The operating conditions of the battery from −10 °C to 10 °C have been tested.
Therefore, in order to cope with the temperature sensitivity of Li-ion battery and maintain Li-ion battery safe operation, it is of great necessary to adopt an appropriate battery thermal management system (BTMS).
Liquid cooling lowered maximum temperatures but increased temperature differences. With smart fin design, the battery temperature can be lowered, and temperature uniformity can be improved. The impact of the arrangement and size of fins on the thermal performance of battery modules was studied by Fan et al. .