Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are rechargeable batteries that can store energy from different sources and discharge it when required. BESS consists of one or more batteries that can balance the electric grid, deliver backup power, and enhance grid stability.
Although academic analysis finds that business models for energy storage are largely unprofitable, annual deployment of storage capacity is globally on the rise (IEA, 2020). One reason may be generous subsidy support and non-financial drivers like a first-mover advantage (Wood Mackenzie, 2019).
Batteries can be developed as standalone assets (both behind and in front of the meter) or as part of an asset portfolio (for renewable energy integration and services such as demand-side response). This document focuses on investor-owned batteries located in front of the meter that may be developed by “stacking up” different sources of revenue.
BESS enables energy from renewables, like solar and wind, to be stored and discharged when consumers need power. The battery energy storage system market is segmented into type, application, and geography. The market is segmented by type into lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel metal hydride, and other types.
Government incentives and subsidies play a significant role in the economics of battery storage. In the United States, the investment tax credit (ITC), which offers a tax credit for solar energy systems, has been extended to include battery storage when installed in conjunction with solar panels.
Different countries have various schemes, like feed-in tariffs or grants, which can significantly impact the financial viability of battery storage projects. Market trends indicate a continuing decrease in the cost of battery storage, making it an increasingly viable option for both grid and off-grid applications.