Abstract: With the increasing maturity of large-scale new energy power generation and the shortage of energy storage resources brought about by the increase in the penetration rate of new energy in the future, the development of electrochemical energy storage technology and the construction of demonstration applications are imminent.
Especially, understanding the chemical physics of electrochemical energy materials is the key to enhance the performance of energy storage and conversion devices such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and supercapacitors.
Mechanical method The mechanical ES method is used to store energy across long distances. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) and pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) are the most modern techniques. To store power, mechanical ES bridles movement or gravity.
Flowchart of electrochemical methods in ESTs. 2.1.1. Battery ES The secondary or rechargeable battery is considered the oldest type of electrical ES device. It stores electrical energy as chemical energy through electrochemical reactions, and can release the energy in the form of electrical energy as needed.
Out of these categories, mechanical ES, solar fuel cell, hydroelectric pumping storage, chemical (hydrogen ES), electrochemical (supercapacitor ES, battery ES), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), and TES are all classified as electrical ES methods [, , , , , , , , , , , , ].
This review primarily focuses on the SECM methodology for analyzing electrocatalytic reactions within energy conversion and storage systems, specifically in electrolysis, fuel cells, and MOBs— fields predominantly characterized by electrocatalytic reactions.